Victron Storage Systems

Downloads

• Victron MultiPlus Datasheet
• Victron Quattro Datasheet
• Victron Color Control GX Datasheet

About Victron

Victron Energy has a long-standing reputation as a provider of battery storage systems for use in automotive, marine, industrial and solar applications.

Victron manufactures inverters, battery chargers, inverter / chargers, batteries, battery monitoring systems and switchgear, and is known for technical innovation, reliability and build quality. Its products are widely considered to be a reliable professional choice for the management of independent electric power.

Victron Energy is a Dutch company. However it offers full technical support in the UK.

Overview: Hub 2, Hub 4

Most systems are AC-coupled, using an inverter / charger to connect the battery to the electrical system. Victron offers two different configurations for AC-coupled systems, known as Hub 2 and Hub 4.

Both configurations optimise self-consumption of PV generation by diverting excess electricity into the batteries, but they do it in slightly different ways and have a slightly different emphasis. They are compared and discussed in detail below.

Overall, Hub 4 is our recommended system of choice where optimisation of self-use is the key consideration, and backup is secondary, particularly if the home is occupied in the day.

Hub 2 is recommended when backup is the key consideration, since Hub 2 will back up the whole house, and the PV will continue to function in a power cut. If required, Hub 4 does provide a backup, but it generally only backs up critical loads, and it may be necessary to wire these loads to a separate sub-board.

Generally in the UK, backup is not the key consideration, and so Hub 4 is the system of choice. Hub 4 allows for a smaller charger than Hub 2, and as a result is likely to be cheaper. The overall Hub 2 cost will depend on whether or not there is a need to install a sub-board (separate consumer unit) to which critical loads are wired.

The table compares the two systems:

Hub 4 in detail

In a Hub 4 setup, the inverter/charger is installed in parallel with the grid, as on most standard AC-coupled installations. This is shown in the schematic below.

When the grid is running, the system functions as follows:

• when there is less PV power available than needed by the loads, energy stored in the battery will be used to power the loads until the battery is empty (i.e. has reached its minimum state of charge);
• whenever there is excess PV, the battery will be charged.

If the grid goes down, the PV will stop functioning. Critical loads (if any) will be powered by the battery until the battery is empty.

Note that, in contrast to the typical Hub 2 setup, with Hub 4 the batteries will be discharged during the day as well as at night. If the daytime loads are quite big, the batteries may be charged to full capacity more than once during the day, making their use even more efficient.

Hub 2 in detail

In a Hub 2 setup, the inverter/charger is installed in series with the grid, so that all the electricity going into and out of a building goes through the inverter/charger. This is shown in the schematic below.

With Hub 2, the system is usually set up to harvest solar power in the day and then utilise it at night.  In the most typical configuration (“disconnect at night”), the batteries will not be discharged during the day (as they would with Hub 4). This may slightly reduce the level of self-use in a house which is occupied during the day but still has a lot of excess PV generation.

In the event of a power cut, the PV system will remain operational and can backup the full house load. There is no need to rewire critical loads to a separate sub-board.

The Hub 2 system has four operating modes as follows.

1. Disconnect at night. The battery is charged during the day from excess solar. When the system detects “night” (no PV generation at all for a period of 10 minutes or so) the house is powered from the battery until the battery is depleted.

2. Invert priority. This is really aimed at rural locations where the grid supply is very poor. The default state of the system is for the house to be islanded from the grid (i.e. not connected to the grid), with the PV and battery supplying the house loads. Any excess PV is used to replenish the battery, or export to the grid if the battery is full. The system only draws down from the grid when the load exceeds the power available from the battery / PV system (or in sustain mode (battery fully depleted, battery is recharged slightly from the grid if necessary to preserve it) or for maintenance charging).

   The disadvantage of “invert priority” is that each time the system connects to or disconnects from the grid, the PV inverter may switch off for 2 or 3 minutes. The loss in generation can add up over time. Thus “disconnect at night” is generally preferred over “invert priority”.

3. Connect to AC input when available. In this situation, the house is powered from the grid, and solar energy is used to charge the battery. This is aimed at systems where the batteries are only providing a backup, it is not optimised for self-use.

4. Connect to AC input when available, keep batteries charged. This is similar to (3) but the batteries will be charged from the solar and the grid. As with (3), this is for systems where the batteries are only providing a backup, it is not for self-use optimisation.

Note, whilst (1) and (2) are primarily aimed at optimisation of self-use, it is still possible to specify a minimum state of charge on the batteries, such that there is always a minimum power availability should a power cut occur.

Note that in all Hub 2 modes, the PV will function in a power cut. The battery inverter / charger must be as big as, or larger than the grid inverter (or PV array size if smaller than the grid inverter rating). In addition the battery inverter / charger needs to be able to regulate PV power production by output frequency variation. Such frequency / power regulation must be supported by the PV inverter.

Winter mode

Hub 2 has a winter mode which instructs the system to keep the batteries charged from either solar or grid energy, whichever is available. The purpose of this mode is temporarily (during winter) to set the system as a back system rather than a self-consumption system. This switch also prevents batteries from remaining discharged for long periods of time during winter when there is very little solar available.

Hub 1 and Hub 5

Both Hub 2 and Hub 4 are AC-coupled systems. It is possible to configure the equivalent DC-coupled system, in which a charge controller replaces the traditional PV grid inverter. The PV panels feed directly into the battery or into the single inverter / charger which will convert DC to AC as required.

Hub 1 is the DC-coupled equivalent of Hub 2; Hub 5 is the DC-coupled equivalent of Hub 4.

The Hub 1 schematic is as follows:

Key system components

The two main Victron components required for any system (apart from the battery) are as follows:

• Color Control GX
• Multiplus or Quattro inverter / charger

Color Control GX

• The Color Control GX (CCGX) provides intuitive control and monitoring for all products connected to it.
• VRM Online Portal. Besides monitoring and controlling products on the CCGX, the information is also forwarded to the Victron free remote monitoring website: the VRM Online Portal.

Inverter / Charger

The key features of the Multiplus Inverter / Chargers are as follows:

• Sizes: 800VA, 1,200VA, 1,600VA, 2,000VA, 3,000VA, 5,000VA – 12V or 24 V. See table below for key parameters.
• In single phase up to 6 Multis can operate in parallel to achieve higher power output. Six 24/5000/120 units, for example, will provide 25 kW / 30 kVA output power with 720 Amps charging capacity.
• In 3 phase up to 6 sets of three units can be parallel connected for a huge 75 kW / 90 kVA inverter and more than 2000 Amps charging capacity.
• Two AC outputs on larger models (not “C” models in the table below). The main output has no-break functionality (i.e. UPS – uninterrupted power supply) to take over supply in event of mains failure or when generator is disconnected. The second output is live only when grid or generator is connected.
• Up to six units can be connected in parallel to achieve higher power output.
• Three phase capability.
• A maximum generator or grid current can be set to avoid overloading the supply.
• Allows power to be taken from the battery to support the generator or grid and power peak loads.
• Four stage battery charging.
• 12 & 24 V models include a 4A trickle charge output for an engine or generator starter battery.
• 5 year warranty.
• Most models, but not all are G59/3 compliant. For non-compliant models, a relay needs to be installed to ensure compliance with G59 / G83 protocols.

The Quattro has similar features to the Multi. They also include:

• Two AC inputs with integrated transfer switch. They can therefore be connected to two independent AC sources such as grid & generator or two generators. The Quattro will automatically connect to the active source.
• Up to 10 Quattro units can be connected in parallel to achieve higher power output.
• Up to 6 Quattro units can operate in parallel. Six units 48/10000/140, for example, will provide 54 kW / 60 kVA output power and 840 Amps charging capacity.
• In 3 phase, up to 6 sets of three units can be parallel connected to provide 162 kW / 180 kVA inverter power and more than 2500 A charging capacity.

Multiplus Models 

Quattro Models

Recommended batteries for Victron systems

Victron systems are compatible with lead acid, lithium ion and Aquion salt water batteries.

Victron make their own lithium ion batteries. However we favour and recommend the LG Chem batteries. We also recommend the American Northstar TPPL batteries (thin plate pure lead).

Follow these links for more details:

• LG Chem lithium ion batteries
• American Northstar TPPL batteries

Battery storage for solar panels: summary page

View our summary page on residential solar storage.